THE MOTOR INDUSTRY OF JAPAN 2019

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Attention to the EnvironmentVehicle Fuel EfficiencyCO2 Emissions Reduction: Improving Vehicle Fuel EfficiencyFuel efficiency targets for passenger cars, trucks, and buses are formulated by applying “top runner” criteria whereby the target value for a given vehicle weight category is established based on the leading fuel efficiency performance to date for that weight category. To comply with stringent 2015 average fuel efficiency targets for passenger cars and small trucks and buses as well as for heavy-duty vehicles and, subsequently, with even stricter 2020 targets for passenger cars and 2022 targets for small trucks, JAMA member manufacturers have been making continuous efforts to increase the fuel efficiency of conventional vehicles and expand the supply of alternative-energy vehicles. A joint council set up in June 2019 by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism agreed on an average fuel efficiency target for new passenger cars of 25.4 km/L (a 32.4% increase over the actual value in 2016) by 2030, whose official adoption will be undertaken via the requisite legal channels in due course.Note: Figures here are JC08 test cycle-based (see page 37).Source: Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association(1) Fuel efficiency is JC08 test cycle-based (see page 37). (4) Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for target years as those recorded in the years showing the actual value of fuel efficiency performance.Sources: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism50km/L101520PassengercarsUp 23.5%2015 target value (4) 16.8 km/L2004 actual value 13.6 km/LSmall trucks(GVW≤3.5tons)Up 12.6%2015 target value (4) 15.2 km/L2004 actual value 13.5 km/LSmall busesUp 7.2%2015 target value (4) 8.9 km/L2004 actual value 8.3 km/L● 2015 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR　 NEW PASSENGER CARS & SMALL TRUCKS/BUSES (1)● AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF DOMESTIC NEW 　 GASOLINE-POWERED PASSENGER CARS2.50km/L57.510TrucksUp 12.2%2015 target value (4) 7.09 km/L2002 actual value 6.32 km/LBusesUp 12.1%2015 target value (4) 6.30 km/L2002 actual value 5.62 km/L● 2015 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR　 NEW HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES (GVW>3.5t) (3)2.50km/L57.510TrucksUp 13.4%(approx.)2025 target value (5), (6) 7.63 km/L2015 target value (6) 6.72 km/LBusesUp 14.3%(approx.)2025 target value (5), (6) 6.52 km/L2015 target value (6) 5.71 km/L● 2025 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR　 NEW HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES (GVW>3.5t)● VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASED FUEL EFFICIENCY0km/L201030PassengercarsUp 24.1%2020 target value (4) 20.3 km/L2009 actual value 16.3 km/L● 2020 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR　 NEW PASSENGER CARS (1)(1) Fuel efficiency is JC08 test cycle-based (see page 37). (2) Fuel efficiency is WLTC-based (see page 37). (3) Fuel efficiency is JE05 test cycle-based. (4) Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for target years as those recorded in the years showing the actual value of fuel efficiency performance. (5) While the 2015 target values for new heavy-duty vehicles are JE05 test cycle-based, the 2025 target values were established on the basis of a new measuring method. (6) Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for 2025 as those recorded in 2014.Sources: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism0km/L201030PassengercarsUp 32.4%2030 target value (4) 25.4 km/L2016 actual value 19.2 km/L● 2030 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR　 NEW PASSENGER CARS (2)Reduced rolling resistance– Low rolling-resistance tiresImproved powertrain performance– Expansion of lock-up area– Expanded number of transmission gears– Continuously variable transmissionImproved engine efficiency More efficient fuel consumption:– Direct injection – Variable mechanisms (variable cylinder activation, VVT&L, etc.)– Downsized engine superchargingReduction of friction loss:– Reduction of piston & piston ring friction loss– Low-viscosity lubricating oil Other– Electric power steering– Idling prevention (stop-start)Reduced aerodynamic drag – Improved body configuration Reduced vehicle weight– Expanded use of lightweight materials– Improved body structure2000Fiscal year0102030405060708091011121314151617121416182022242612.713.213.813.914.214.314.814.915.616.617.118.219.821.322.422.422.622.1In km/L0km/L201030Small trucks(GVW≤3.5tons)Up 26.1%2022 target value (4) 17.9 km/L2012 actual value 14.2 km/L● 2022 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR　 NEW SMALL TRUCKS (1)31