● MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS REGULATIONS IN JAPAN Global Harmonization in the Regulation of Vehicle Exhaust EmissionsJapan’s vehicle exhaust emissions regulations have always been among the world’s most stringent, and its automakers have worked very hard to develop the advanced technologies required to comply with them. As a result, NOx and other atmospheric pollutant levels have been, even in large urban areas, on a steady decline. Japan has participated in international discussions on the global harmonization of emission test cycles and in 2010 introduced the UN test cycle for motorcycle emissions. In 2018 Japan adopted the UN “WLTC” to measure emissions from new gasoline-powered passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, following its adoption in 2016 of the UN “WHTC” for measuring diesel exhaust emissions from new heavy-duty vehicles (see corresponding notes below).Test cycleWLTC (g/km) (1)WLTC (g/km) (1)WLTC (g/km) (1)WLTC (g/km) (1)WLTC (g/km) (1)WLTC (g/km) (1)WLTC (g/km) (1)WLTC (g/km) (1)JE05 (g/kWh)WLTC (g/km) (1)WLTC (g/km) (1)WLTC (g/km) (1)WHTC (g/kWh)(4)Passenger cars Trucks and busesPassenger cars (3)Trucks and busesMiniLight-duty(GVW≤1.7t)Medium-duty (1.7t
3.5t)Light-duty(GVW≤1.7t)Medium-duty (1.7t3.5t)GasolineandLPG VehiclesDiesel VehiclesMotorcycles2018201820192019201820182019201920092018201820192016CONMHCNOxPM (2)CONMHCNOxPM (2)CONMHCNOxPM (2)CONMHCNOxPM (2)CONMHCNOxPM (2)CONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOx (5)PM1.150.100.050.0054.020.100.050.0051.150.100.050.0052.550.150.070.00716.0 0.230.70.010.630.0240.150.0050.630.0240.150.0050.630.0240.240.0072.220.170.40.01YearenforcedEmissionRegulatoryvalue (Average)Current RegulationsVehicle Type(1) WLTC: Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle, on the basis of values measured in cold-start state. (2) PM values apply only to direct-injection, lean-burn vehicles equipped with absorption-type NOx reduction catalysts. (3) Small-sized diesel passenger cars have an equivalent inertia weight (EIW) of 1.25t (GVW of 1.265t) or less, and mid-sized diesel passenger cars have an E|W over 1.25t. (4) WHTC: World Harmonized Transient Cycle, on the basis of (values measured in cold-start state) x 0.14 + (values measured in warm-start state) x 0.86. (5) Enforcement: 2016 for GVW>7.5t; 2017 for tractors; 2018 for 3.5t
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